发货地址:北京海淀
信息编号:291081186,公司编号:14832749
产品规格:不限
产品数量:9999.00 套
包装说明:不限
产品单价:面议
官方网址:http://turntech8843.b2b168.com/
科学软件网提供大量正版科学软件,满足各学科的科研要求。科学软件网专注软件销售服务已达17年,全国大部分高校和企事业单位都是我们的客户。同时,我们还提供本地化服务,助力中国的科研事业。
Model Library
When architects begin to design a new building, they develop the new structure by using ideas and techniques that have been
tested in previous structures. The same is true in other fields: design elements from previous projects serve as sources of
ideas for new developments.
From the early stages of the development of GAMS we have collected models to be used in a library of examples. Many of
these are standard textbook examples and can be used in classes on problem formulation or to illustrate points about GAMS.
Others are models that have been used in policy or sector analysis and are interesting for both the methods and the data they
use. All the substantive models in the library are described in the open literature. A collection of models is now included
with all GAMS systems, along with a database to help users locate examples that cover countries, sectors, or topics of interest
to them.
The syntax used to introduce features in the various chapters are presented using the Backus-Naur form (BNF) notation
where:
For large parts of the documentation, references to models from the model libraries are enclosed in square parenthesis (for example, [TRNSPORT]).
A GAMS Tutorial by Richard E. Rosenthal
1 Introduction
The introductory part of this book ends with a detailed example of the use of GAMS for formulating, solving, and analyzing
a small and simple optimization problem. Richard E. Rosenthal of the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California
wrote it. The example is a quick but complete overview of GAMS and its features. Many references are made to other parts
of the book, but they are only to tell you where to look for more details; the material here can be read profitably without
reference to the rest of the book.
The example is an instance of the transportation problem of linear programming, which has historically served as a 'laboratory
animal' in the development of optimization technology. [See, for example, Dantzig (1963) 1. ] It is a good choice for
illustrating the power of algebraic modeling languages like GAMS because the transportation problem, no matter how large
the instance at hand, possesses a simple, exploitable algebraic structure. You will see that almost all of the statements in the
GAMS input file we are about to present would remain unchanged if a much larger transportation problem were considered.
In the familiar transportation problem, we are given the supplies at several plants and the demands at several markets for a
single commodity, and we are given the unit costs of shipping the commodity from plants to markets. The economic question
is: how much shipment should there be between each plant and each market so as to minimize total transport cost?
The algebraic representation of this problem is usually presented in a format similar to the following
Note that this simple example reveals some modeling practices that we regard as good habits in general and that are consistent
with the design of GAMS. First, all the entities of the model are identified (and grouped) by type. Second, the ordering
of entities is chosen so that no symbol is referred to before it is defined. Third, the units of all entities are specified, and,
fourth, the units are chosen to a scale such that the numerical values to be encountered by the optimizer have relatively small
absolute orders of magnitude. (The symbol $K here means thousands of dollars.)
The names of the types of entities may differ among modelers. For example, economists use the terms exogenous variable
and endogenous variable for given data and decision variable, respectively. In GAMS, the terminology adopted is as follows:
indices are called sets, given data are called parameters, decision variables are called variables, and constraints and the
objective function are called equations.
The GAMS representation of the transportation problem closely resembles the algebraic representation above. The most
important difference, however, is that the GAMS version can be read and processed by the computer.
Table 1: Data for the transportation problem (adapted from Dantzig, 1963) illustrates Shipping Distances from Plants to
Markets (1000 miles) as well as Market Demands and Plant Supplies.
科学软件网专注提供正版软件,跟上百家软件开发商有紧密合作,价格优惠,的和培训服务。