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后处理
输出图形包括水含量、流速、浓度、温度在空间或横断面视图的2D等高线(等值线或彩色光谱)。图形输出还包括速度矢量图、彩色边缘、颜色的点、连续的时间步的图形显示和动画以及选定的边界或内部截面线图。用户可以将感兴趣的区域缩放,横截面视图的垂直刻度也可以放大。网格还可以展示边界和编号的三角形、边缘和点。观察点可以添加到网格的任何地方。网格和/或空间分布结果(压力头、水含量、速度、浓度和温度)的视图都使用高分辨率彩色或灰阶值。界面还包括一个内容丰富的在线帮助菜单。
域和有限元网格区域
为了简化复杂的运移几何图形的工作,这些图形可以划分为简单的部分称为Section. 只有这些简单的部分可以在视图窗口中显示,而剩下的部分被隐藏。一共有两种类型的Section:基于几何对象的和基于有限元网格的。可以同时显示多个section。使用各种命令可以切断和隐藏不需要的运移区域部分。
The HYDRUS program is a finite element model for simulating the two- and three-dimensional movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably saturated media. The HYDRUS program numerically solves the Richards equation for saturated-unsaturated water flow and convection-dispersion type equations for heat and solute transport. The flow equation incorporates a sink term to account for water uptake by plant roots. The heat transport equation considers movement by conduction as well as convection with flowing water. The governing convection-dispersion solute transport equations are written in a very general form by including provisions for nonlinear nonequilibrium reactions between the solid and liquid phases, and linear equilibrium reaction between the liquid and gaseous phases. Hence, both adsorbed and volatile solutes, such as pesticides, can be considered. The solute transport equations also incorporate the effects of zero-order production,
此外,HYDRUS可执行Marquardt-Levenberg类型参数估计技术为选定的土壤进行水力逆估计或溶质运移以及测量瞬态或稳态流和运移数据(仅在2本中)。此过程允许估计几个未知的参数,如观察到的水含量、压头、浓度或瞬时或累积边界通量(如渗透或流出数据)。额外的保留或水力传导率数据以及约束优化的参数补偿函数,约束优化的参数保持在可行域(贝叶斯估计),可包含在参数估计过程中。
对溶质运移来说,软件既支持连续和变化的规定浓度(Dirichlet或first-type)也支持浓度通量边界(Cauchy或third-type)。弥散张量包含分子扩散和曲折的结果反应影响。
Version 2.0, released in early May of 2011, is the first major upgrade of HYDRUS since 2006. In this version, we are expanding the four editions (Levels) which were available in version 1.x of HYDRUS, namely 2D-Lite, 2D-Standard, 3D-Lite, and 3D-Standard, with a new additional Level 3D-Professional. The 3D-Professinal Level will enable you to define transport domains of virtually arbitrary 3D shapes. Another major improvement that should significantly improve the effectiveness of working with HYDRUS is an option to specify various domain properties, and initial and boundary conditions, on Geometric Objects, rather than on FE-Mesh. We have also implemented two new solute transport modules (UNSATCHEM and Wetland) for evaluating the transport of major ions and for simulating processes in natural or constructed wetlands. There are also many other additional improvements and expansions of the model. Version 2.02, released in September 2012, offers three additional add-on modules: DualPerm for simulating two-dimensional variably-saturated water movement and solute transport in dual-permeability porous media, i.e., preferential and nonequilibrium water flow and solute transport, C-Ride for simulating two-dimensional colloid-facilitated solute transport, and HP2, which couples Hydrus (its two-dimensional part) with the PHREEQC geochemical code [Parkhurst and Appelo, 1999] to create this new comprehensive simulation tool (HP2 - acronym for HYDRUS-PHREEQC-2D), corresponding to a similar one-dimensional module HP1. Version 2.03, released in September 2013, uses new fonts improving the look of HYDRUS GUI on Chinese, Japanese and other similar Windows systems. This version also brings a number of new functions.
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