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Sets
Sets are the basic building blocks of a GAMS model, corresponding exactly to the indices in the algebraic representations of
models. The Transportation example above contains one Set statement:
This statement has several effects. Again, they may be self-evident, but it is worthwhile to analyze them in detail. The
statement declares the existence of two parameters, gives them the names a and b, and declares their domains to be i and j,
respectively. (A domain is the set, or tuple of sets, over which a parameter, variable, or equation is defined.) The statement
also gives documentary text for each parameter and assigns values of a(i) and b(j) for each element of i and j. It is
perfectly acceptable to break this one statement into two, if you prefer, as follows.
你可以编写立的模型数据,包括各种不同来源的数据,从ASCII到Excel或者Access 以及其他各种来源。比如使用
GDX(GAMS数据交换)文件格式。GDX文件可以保存一个或多个GAMS符号的值,比如集、参数变量和方程。GDX文
件可以为GAMS模型准备数据、展示GAMS模型的结果、使用不同的参数为这同一个模型保存结果等。GDX文件不能保存
一个模型的公式或者执行语句。GDX文件二进制文件,可在不同平台进行移植。
The relational operators have the following meanings:
=l= less than or equal to
=g= greater than or equal to
=e= equal to
7 Objective Function 17
• It is important to understand the difference between the symbols '=' and '=e='. The '=' symbol is used only in direct
assignments, and the '=e=' symbol is used only in equation definitions. These two contexts are very different. A direct
assignment gives a desired value to a parameter before the solver is called. An equation definition also describes a
desired relationship, but it cannot be satisfied until after the solver is called. It follows that equation definitions must
contain variables and direct assignments must not.
• Variables can appear on the left or right-hand side of an equation or both. The same variable can appear in an equation
more than once. The GAMS processor will automatically convert the equation to its equivalent standard form (variables
on the left, no duplicate appearances) before calling the solver.
• An equation definition can appear anywhere in the GAMS input, provided the equation and all variables and parameters
to which it refers are previously declared. (Note that it is permissible for a parameter appearing in the equation to be
assigned or reassigned a value after the definition. This is useful when doing multiple model runs with one GAMS
input.) The equations need not be defined in the same order in which they are declared.
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