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User Interface
Portability concerns also have implications for the user interface. The basic GAMS system is file-oriented, and no special
editor or graphical input and output routines exist. Rather than burden the user with having to learn yet another set of editing
commands, GAMS offers an open architecture in which each user can use his word processor or editor of choice. This basic
user interface facilitates the integration of GAMS with a variety of existing and future user environments.
GAMS 使用范例说明
如前所述,GAMS 本身有非常完整的英文版使用者手册,GAMS 的计算机软件中也附带了许多学习范例的档案。这里所作的 GAMS 使用范例说明,目的绝非在取代原版的使用者手册,而是要配合本课程说明的形式,重新编写使用范例输入文件,使读者能很快的进入情况,了解其使用程序。
GAMS 的操作大抵可分为三个步骤:建立 GAMS 输入文件,执行 GAMS 程序,检视 GAMS 输出档内容。
通用代数建模系统(GAMS)是数学编程和优化的建模系统。它由一个语言编译器和一个稳定的集成各种高性能的求解器组成。GAMS适用于复杂的、大规模的建模应用,并允许您创建大的维护模型以很快的适应新的情况。
前沿的建模系统
专注建模
GAMS允许用户在某种程度上,用跟数学描述非常相似的方式来制定数学模型。看一下这些例子就能说明GAMS模型的基本结构和特征以及与数学表达式的关系。GAMS让用户专注建模,通过要求简洁和的实体和关系规范,鼓励良好的建模习惯。GAMS语言与通用编程语言形式相似,因此对于有编程经验的人来说是熟悉的。由于模型的制定方式在某种程度上与它的数学描述类似,所以不仅是程序员,实际领域的也能理解和维护。GAMS专注于建模并且允许做所有相关的事。
陈述性知识和程序性要素的平衡混合,允许用户在GAMS中构建复杂的算法甚至实现分解方法。尤其是解决异常问题的模型,以及随之而来的性能问题。
Sets
Sets are the basic building blocks of a GAMS model, corresponding exactly to the indices in the algebraic representations of
models. The Transportation example above contains one Set statement:
Here are some points to remember.
• The power to create multiple equations with a single GAMS statement is controlled by the domain. For example, the
definition for the demand constraint will result in the creation of one constraint for each element of the domain j, as
shown in the following excerpt from the GAMS output.
DEMAND(new-york)..X(seattle,new-york) + X(san-diego,new-york)=G=325 ;
DEMAND(chicago).. X(seattle,chicago) + X(san-diego,chicago) =G=300 ;
DEMAND(topeka).. X(seattle,topeka) + X(san-diego,topeka) =G=275 ;
• The key idea here is that the definition of the demand constraints is exactly the same whether we are solving the
toy-sized example above or a 20,000-node real-world problem. In either case, the user enters one generic equation
algebraically, and GAMS creates the specific equations that are appropriate for the model instance at hand. (Using
some other optimization packages, something like the extract above would be part of the input, not the output.)
• In many real-world problems, some of the members of an equation domain need to be omitted or differentiated from the
pattern of the others because of an exception of some kind. GAMS can readily accommodate this loss of structure using
a powerful feature known as the dollar or 'such-that' operator, which is not illustrated here. The domain restriction
feature can be absolutely essential for keeping the size of a real-world model within the range of solvability.
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