冠军蓄电池总代理
成功检测冠军蓄电池状态的前提是可以提供需要的交流恒流源。恒流源是能够向负载提供恒定电流的电源装置。它是一个电源内阻非常大的电源。为了保证内阻有较高的测量精度及较好的重现性，要求恒流电流源有足够的稳定度，并且波形失真度要小。这里所需交流信号幅度为40mV，频率为1KHZ
The premise of successful detection of battery state is that it can provide the needed AC constant current source. The constant current source is a power supply that can provide a constant current to the load. It is a power supply with a very large internal resistance. To ensure that the internal resistance has high measurement accuracy and good reproducibility, constant current source is required to have enough stability and waveform distortion is small. The magnitude of the AC ** required here is 40mV and the frequency is 1KHZ.但是传统的低频交流信号发生器设计中存在很多的不足：应用通用电路,元器件多,尤其是电容的体积大,且波形的稳定性差、失真大,调节也较不方便；应用**电路,如ICL8038、MAX038等,其失真和稳定性方面有明显提高,但低频应用时不合适,调节不方便,成本也较高。
But there are many shortcomings in the traditional low frequency AC ** generator design: the application of general circuit, many components, especially the volume of the capacitance, and the poor stability and distortion of the waveform, and very inconvenient to adjust. The application of special circuit, such as ICL8038, MAX038 and so on, has obviously improved the distortion and stability, but it is used in low frequency. It is not suitable, the adjustment is inconvenient, the cost is also high.
3．1 设计原理
3.1 design principle
本文采用了数字式信号发生器产生标准正弦波和电流负反馈法产生精确交流恒流源法, 交流恒流源实现原理如图2所示。
In this paper, a digital ** generator is used to produce a standard sine wave and a current negative feedback method to produce an accurate AC constant current source method, and the principle of AC constant current source realization is shown in Figure 2.
精确测量蓄电池内阻方法的研究
Study on the method of accurately measuring the internal resistance of the battery
电路组成框图如图2所示：这是一个闭环控制系统，电流负反馈电路。标准正弦波产生一个频率稳定、对称、失真度低的1KHz正弦波信号。驱动电路把正弦波放大，去推动功放电路，得到正弦交流电流输出。恒流控制电路从功放输出中得到的信号，通过与给定的信号相比较，来调节驱动电路的信号，从而使输出电流保持稳定。
The block diagram of the circuit is shown in Figure 2: This is a closed loop control system and a current negative feedback circuit. The standard sine wave produces a 1KHz sine wave with stable frequency, symmetry and low distortion. The driving circuit amplifies the sine wave to drive the power amplifier circuit, and obtains the sinusoidal AC current output. The ** obtained from the output of the power amplifier by the constant current control circuit, by comparing with the given **, adjusts the ** of the driving circuit, so that the output current is kept stable.
3．2 标准正弦波的产生原理
The principle of the generation of 3.2 standard sine wave
标准正弦波信号的产生采用数字式信号发生器。首先将正弦表数据存储在如图3所示的正弦信号存储器中,晶振产生振荡频率f，经过整型电路变为完整方波频率，再经过R分频电路得到频率为f/R,再经过鉴相器FD和环路滤波器LF电路锁相分频后，读取存储在正弦信号存储器中的正弦值,经过D/A转换电路和经低通有源滤器滤波电路，生成图2 所需的标准正弦波。
The standard sine wave ** is generated by digital ** generator. First, the sinusoidal data is stored in the sinusoidal ** memory as shown in Figure 3. The oscillator produces an oscillating frequency f, after the integral circuit is transformed into a complete square wave frequency, and then the frequency is f/R through the R frequency division circuit, and then after the phase discriminator FD and the loop filter LF circuit are locked in phase, the reading stored in the sinusoidal ** memory is read. String value, through D/A conversion circuit and low-pass active filter filter circuit, generate standard sine wave required for Figure 2.
由于电池内阻为毫欧级，因此采用常规的两端子测量方法测量误差较大，在此采用四端子测量方式。测量时两个端子施加一频率为
Because the internal resistance of the battery is millieu level, the conventional two terminal measurement method has great error, and the four terminal measurement method is adopted. At the time of measurement, two terminals are applied in a frequency
精确测量蓄电池内阻方法的研究
Study on the method of accurately measuring the internal resistance of the battery
的恒定交流激励电流信号，另两个端子用于测量。测量工作原理图如图1所示，响应信号是指蓄电池注入交流恒流源后，在其两端测出的交流电压信号。而正弦信号是经D/A产生的作为压控恒流源的输入信号。
A constant AC excitation current ** and the other two terminals are used for measurement. The working principle diagram is shown in Figure 1. The response ** is the AC voltage ** measured at both ends after the battery is injected into the AC constant current source. Sinusoidal ** is generated by D/A as the input ** of voltage controlled constant current source.
设正弦信号为：
The sine ** is set as:
精确测量蓄电池内阻方法的研究
Study on the method of accurately measuring the internal resistance of the battery
（1）
(1)
蓄电池两端的响应电压信号为：
The response voltage **s at both ends of the battery are:
（2）
(2)
精确测量蓄电池内阻方法的研究
Study on the method of accurately measuring the internal resistance of the battery
为注入蓄电池的交流电流和其两端响应电压信号的相位差。
The phase difference between the AC current and the voltage **s at both ends of the battery is injected.
通过模拟乘法器后有：
After the analog multiplier, there are:
精确测量蓄电池内阻方法的研究
Study on the method of accurately measuring the internal resistance of the battery
K为模拟乘法器的放大系数。
K is the magnification factor of the analog multiplier.
进行低通滤波后滤掉交流成分得：
After low pass filtering, filter off the AC component:
精确测量蓄电池内阻方法的研究
Study on the method of accurately measuring the internal resistance of the battery
（3）
(3)
由交流法测内阻原理得：
The principle of measuring internal resistance by AC method is obtained.
精确测量蓄电池内阻方法的研究
Study on the method of accurately measuring the internal resistance of the battery
（5）
(5)
式中I为交流恒流源信号的较大值。比较（4）、（5）可得：
I is the maximum value of the AC constant current source **. Comparison (4) and (5) can be obtained:
精确测量蓄电池内阻方法的研究
Study on the method of accurately measuring the internal resistance of the battery
上式中K、A、I都是已知量，而u为经过A/D采样送到单片机进行处理的采样值，所以在单片机中进行一个简单的除法运算便能得到蓄电池内阻了。
The K, A and I in the upper form are all known, while u is sampled by the A/D sample to the single chip processor, so a simple division operation in the single chip can get the internal resistance of the battery.
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